Immunostaining of intact C. elegans using polyacrylamide embedding

A major barrier to immunostaining Caenorhabditis elegans is the permeabilization of the worm's cuticle without distorting or damaging its body. We present here a gel-based immobilization protocol for fixed worms coupled with chemical and enzymatic permeabilization. The permeabilization is followed by antibody staining and fluorescent imaging. This protocol can be modified for different fixatives, permeabilizing reagents, or molecular readouts. Unlike previous immunostaining approaches, such as freeze cracking or dissection, this protocol enables immunostaining across the whole body of a well-preserved C. elegans.