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Epigenomic reprogramming in iAs-mediated carcinogenesis.

Smitha George1, Richard N Cassidy1, Wesley N Saintilnord2

  • 1Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States.

Advances in Pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.)
|March 1, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Arsenic exposure can lead to cancer through epigenetic changes, not direct DNA mutation. This study explores how inorganic arsenic alters gene expression and chromatin structure, impacting health and disease.

Keywords:
CarcinogenesisDNA modificationsEpigeneticsGene expressionHistone modificationsInorganic arsenic (iAs)

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Toxicology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Arsenic is a naturally occurring carcinogen with widespread human exposure via water and food.
  • Inorganic arsenic exposure is linked to various diseases, including cancer, but its molecular mechanisms remain unclear.
  • Arsenic is considered non-mutagenic, suggesting epigenetic alterations mediate its carcinogenic effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of arsenic-mediated carcinogenesis.
  • To discuss how inorganic arsenic affects the epigenome and its consequences.
  • To explore the direct and indirect pathways of arsenic's epigenetic modulation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on arsenic toxicology and epigenetics.
  • Analysis of proposed mechanisms for arsenic-induced epigenetic alterations.
  • Discussion of the impact on chromatin structure and gene expression.

Main Results:

  • Arsenic exposure alters epigenetic regulation of gene expression.
  • Epigenetic modifications by arsenic can occur indirectly via reactive oxygen species or directly on chromatin remodelers.
  • The precise effects of arsenic on chromatin structure are not fully understood.

Conclusions:

  • Arsenic's non-mutagenic carcinogenic pathway involves significant epigenetic dysregulation.
  • Understanding arsenic's direct and indirect epigenetic effects is crucial for assessing health risks.
  • Further research is needed to fully comprehend arsenic's impact on epigenetics and disease development.