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This study demonstrates optical Thomson scattering for measuring plasma properties in high-temperature fusion energy research. The new diagnostic successfully measured electron temperature and density in an unconventional plasma regime.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Fusion Energy Research
  • Advanced Diagnostics

Background:

  • High electron temperature (≳1 keV) and moderate density (mid 1016 cm-3) plasmas are crucial for fusion energy concepts.
  • Optical Thomson scattering is a key diagnostic for measuring plasma parameters like electron temperature and density.
  • Existing Thomson scattering techniques face challenges in unconventional plasma regimes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the first optical Thomson scattering measurements in a high electron temperature and moderate density plasma.
  • To develop and validate a diagnostic for Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy-supported fusion energy concepts.
  • To analyze plasma parameters in an unconventional regime between tokamaks and laser-produced plasmas.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an 8 J, 532 nm, 1.5 ns laser for Thomson scattering measurements.
  • Employed a diagnostic capable of measuring electron density from 5 × 1017 to 1019 cm-3 and electron temperatures from tens of eV to several keV.
  • Deployed the diagnostic on the sheared flow stabilized Z-pinch machine (FuZE) at Zap Energy, targeting measurements 20 cm from the central electrode.

Main Results:

  • Successfully performed optical Thomson scattering measurements in the specified plasma regime.
  • Determined electron density was consistently below 5 × 1016 cm-3 during measurements.
  • Observed inferred electron temperatures ranging from 167 ± 16 eV to 700 ± 85 eV over a 1.6 cm region in a sample shot.

Conclusions:

  • The developed optical Thomson scattering diagnostic is effective for characterizing high-temperature, moderate-density plasmas.
  • The findings provide critical data for fusion energy concepts, particularly in challenging plasma regimes.
  • The study highlights the adaptability of Thomson scattering for diverse plasma conditions relevant to fusion energy development.