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Updated: Aug 8, 2025

A Precision Medicine Tool for Measurement and Monitoring of Hemoglobin S in Sickle Cell Disease Patients Receiving Transfusion Therapy
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Moyamoya Syndrome (MMS) in a Patient With Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) and Protein S Deficiency

Parima Saxena1, Hussam Alkaissi2,3,1, Riddhi Chauhan4

  • 1Internal Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA.

Cureus
|March 2, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Moyamoya syndrome (MMS) in adults with sickle cell disease (SCD) is rare. This case study shows medical management, not surgery, can benefit adult SCD patients with MMS and protein S deficiency.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Hematology
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Moyamoya syndrome (MMS) association with sickle cell disease (SCD) is documented in children.
  • Limited data exists on MMS characteristics and management in adult SCD patients.
  • Current guidelines for stroke prevention in pediatric MMS are lacking for adults.

Keywords:
endovascular surgeryhereditary protein s deficiencymoyamoya disease (mmd)secondary stroke preventionsickle cell disease: scd

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