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Viscosity measures the resistance a fluid offers to flow and deformation. It results from internal friction between layers of fluid moving relative to one another. Dynamic viscosity, denoted by the Greek letter mu (μ), quantifies the force needed to move one fluid layer over another. For Newtonian fluids like water and air, the relationship between the shearing stress and the rate of shearing strain is linear, meaning their viscosity remains constant regardless of the applied stress.
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In fluid mechanics, velocity and acceleration are key concepts for analyzing particle motion in both steady and unsteady flow. Consider a fluid particle moving along a pathline, where its velocity depends on its position and time. The particle's acceleration is obtained by differentiating the velocity with respect to time.
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Modeling virus transport and dynamics in viscous flow medium.

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This study models virus transport in blood flow, finding smaller viruses spread faster. High viscosity slows virus movement, impacting transmission dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Virology
  • Biomedical engineering

Background:

  • Respiratory viruses like SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza-A pose significant public health risks.
  • Understanding virus transport dynamics within biological fluids is crucial for predicting and controlling disease spread.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and utilize a mathematical model simulating virus transport in viscous background flow.
  • To investigate the influence of various physical forces on virus locomotion.
  • To analyze the transmission dynamics of specific respiratory viruses, SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza-A.

Main Methods:

  • An Eulerian-Lagrangian approach was employed to track virus particle movement.
  • The Basset-Boussinesq-Oseen equation was used to incorporate forces such as gravity, virtual mass, Basset force, and drag.
  • Simulations were conducted to examine virus spread in both axial and transverse directions within a viscous fluid.

Main Results:

  • Forces acting on virus particles significantly influence their transport velocity and transmission.
  • Increased fluid viscosity was found to decelerate virus transport dynamics.
  • Smaller virus particles exhibited more rapid propagation, particularly within blood vessels.

Conclusions:

  • The mathematical model provides valuable insights into virus spread mechanisms in blood flow.
  • Virus size and fluid viscosity are critical factors governing transmission rates.
  • This research aids in understanding the complex dynamics of viral pathogens in biological systems.