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Deiodinases in thyroid tumorigenesis.

Maria Angela De Stefano1, Tommaso Porcelli1, Martin Schlumberger2

  • 1Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.

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|March 2, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid hormone (TH) deiodinases play crucial roles in thyroid cancer. Changes in type 2 deiodinase (D2) and type 3 deiodinase (D3) expression impact TH signaling, influencing cancer progression and dedifferentiation.

Keywords:
anaplastic thyroid cancerdeiodinasesfollicular thyroid cancerpapillary thyroid cancerthyroid hormones

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Thyroid hormone (TH) levels are regulated by three deiodinase selenoenzymes.
  • Type 1 deiodinase (D1) and type 2 deiodinase (D2) activate TH, while type 3 deiodinase (D3) inactivates it.
  • Deiodinase expression is altered during thyroid tumorigenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the changing roles of deiodinases in different stages of thyroid cancer.
  • To understand how altered deiodinase expression affects intracellular TH signaling in thyroid tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of deiodinase expression profiles in various thyroid cancer types and stages.
  • Assessment of intracellular TH levels and signaling pathways in relation to deiodinase activity.

Main Results:

  • Differentiated thyroid cancers typically overexpress the TH-inactivating D3.
  • Late-stage, dedifferentiated thyroid cancers show increased D2 expression and decreased D3 expression.
  • This shift in deiodinase expression leads to increased intracellular TH signaling in dedifferentiated cancers.

Conclusions:

  • Deiodinase expression patterns are dynamically regulated during thyroid tumorigenesis.
  • Altered deiodinase activity significantly influences TH signaling, potentially driving cancer dedifferentiation.
  • The role of TH in thyroid cancer is stage-dependent and mediated by specific deiodinases.