Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 8, 2025
06:10
Detection of Viruses from Bioaerosols Using Anion Exchange Resin
Published on: August 22, 2018
8.3K
Common features in spatial livestock disease transmission parameters
Gert Jan Boender1, Thomas J Hagenaars2
1Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB, Lelystad, The Netherlands. gertjan.boender@wur.nl.
Scientific Reports
|March 2, 2023
Summary
Disease spread in livestock threatens animal and human health. This study reveals universal patterns in livestock disease transmission, aiding control measure optimization even with limited outbreak data.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Veterinary Science
- Mathematical Modeling
Background:
- Epidemic spread of livestock diseases poses significant risks to animal and human health.
- Statistical modeling of between-farm transmission is crucial for assessing control measure effectiveness.
- Quantifying the between-farm transmission kernel is vital for various livestock diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare different transmission kernels and identify common, universal features across various pathogen-host combinations.
- To explore the potential for generic insights into livestock disease spread.
- To understand how interventions impact transmission patterns.
Main Methods:
- Comparative analysis of different transmission kernels.
- Statistical modeling to quantify between-farm transmission.
- Exploration of spatial transmission kernel shapes and their relation to animal movement patterns.
Main Results:
- Common features connecting different pathogen-host transmission kernels were identified.
- The spatial transmission kernel's distance dependence, without movement bans, shows a universal shape similar to Lévy-walk models.
- Interventions like movement bans and zoning universally alter the transmission kernel's shape.
Conclusions:
- Identified universal features in livestock disease transmission kernels offer generic insights.
- The shape of the spatial transmission kernel is analogous to human movement patterns (Lévy-walks) in the absence of movement restrictions.
- Understanding these universal patterns can aid in risk assessment and optimizing control strategies, especially when outbreak data is scarce.
Related Concept Videos
01:20Infection
8.5K
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
8.5K
01:17Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets
3.8K
Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
3.8K
00:54Distribution and Dispersion
22.2K
To understand intra-specific interactions in populations, scientists measure the spatial arrangement of species individuals. This geographic arrangement is known as the species distribution or dispersion. Highly territorial species exhibit a uniform distribution pattern, in which individuals are spaced at relatively equal distances from one another. Species that are highly tied to particular resources, such as food or shelter, tend to concentrate around those resources, and thus exhibit a...
22.2K
01:26Principles of Disease Surveillance
155
Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
155
00:57Viral Recombination
23.7K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
23.7K
01:10Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria
2.9K
Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a...
2.9K