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Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 8, 2025

Combination of High Ligation and Intraoperative Embolization using Polidocanol for Treatment of Varicoceles
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Post-Embolization Hemoglobin Changes: When to Consider Re-intervention.

Pooya Torkian1, Hamed Jalaeian2, Stephanie Wallace3

  • 1Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, B-228 Mayo Memorial Building, MMC 292420 Delaware Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. Ptorkian@umn.edu.

Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology
|March 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A 15% drop in hemoglobin within two days post-embolization indicates a higher risk of re-bleeding. This finding aids in classifying patients and predicting outcomes after arterial embolization procedures.

Keywords:
EmbolizationHemoglobinInterventional radiology

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Area of Science:

  • Interventional Radiology
  • Vascular Surgery
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Post-embolization hemoglobin (Hgb) decline is common but lacks standardized risk stratification for re-bleeding.
  • Understanding Hgb trends is crucial for predicting re-intervention needs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate post-embolization Hgb level trends.
  • To identify factors predicting re-bleeding and re-intervention after embolization.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 199 patients undergoing embolization for arterial hemorrhage (01/2017-01/2022).
  • Analysis of demographics, periprocedural transfusions (TF) or vasopressor use, and Hgb values (pre-, immediate post-, and daily for 10 days).
  • Regression modeling to identify predictors of re-bleeding and Hgb reduction magnitude.

Main Results:

  • Hgb levels showed a consistent decline, reaching a nadir around day 6, followed by an upward trend, irrespective of transfusion status or embolization site.
  • Gastrointestinal embolization, pre-embolization TF, and vasopressor use predicted maximum Hgb drop.
  • A Hgb decrease >15% within 2 days post-embolization correlated with increased re-bleeding risk (p=0.04).

Conclusions:

  • Perioperative Hgb trends are predictable, showing a consistent pattern of decline and recovery.
  • A >15% Hgb reduction in the first two days post-embolization serves as a potential marker for re-bleeding risk assessment.