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Immediate Medical Care Rendered by US Law Enforcement Officers after Officer-Involved Shootings - An Open-Access

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Law enforcement officers (LEOs) provided emergency medical care in half of officer-involved shootings (OIS), often before Emergency Medical Services (EMS) arrived. While LEO care showed no mortality difference, specific interventions like hemorrhage control may improve outcomes.

Keywords:
first-aidgunshot woundlaw enforcementoperational medicinetactical medicine

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Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Public Health
  • Law Enforcement

Background:

  • Rapid emergency medical care is critical after officer-involved shootings (OIS).
  • Scene safety concerns can delay medical response.
  • Law enforcement officers (LEOs) may provide initial medical care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the medical care provided by LEOs after lethal force incidents.
  • To analyze the timing and nature of LEO-provided medical interventions.
  • To evaluate mortality outcomes in relation to LEO versus EMS care.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 342 open-source video footages of OIS (2013-2020).
  • Evaluation of care frequency, nature, timing (LEO vs. EMS), and mortality.
  • Study deemed exempt by Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board.

Main Results:

  • LEOs provided care in 50.3% of incidents.
  • Average time to LEO care was 155.8 seconds post-injury; EMS arrived 214.2 seconds after LEOs.
  • Hemorrhage control was the most common LEO intervention; no mortality difference between LEO and EMS care.
  • Truncal wounds were associated with higher mortality than extremity wounds.

Conclusions:

  • LEOs rendered medical care in half of OIS incidents, initiating it ~3.5 minutes before EMS arrival.
  • No significant mortality difference was observed between LEO and EMS care.
  • Further research is needed to optimize LEO medical interventions, especially for extremity hemorrhage control.