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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

179
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
179
Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

399
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
399

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A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
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Functional connectivity changes during working memory in autism spectrum disorder: A two-year longitudinal MEG study.

Julie Sato1, Kristina Safar1, Vanessa M Vogan2

  • 1Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Neuroimage. Clinical
|March 6, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) youth show reduced theta frequency connectivity in working memory networks compared to typically developing peers. This developmental difference in brain connectivity was observed over two years in children aged 7-14.

Keywords:
Autism spectrum disorderChildrenFunctional connectivityLongitudinalWorking memorymagnetoencephalography (MEG)

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Autism Research

Background:

  • Working memory deficits are common in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), impacting daily functioning.
  • Longitudinal studies on the development of working memory networks in youth with ASD are scarce.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the longitudinal development of working memory networks in children and adolescents with and without ASD.
  • To identify neural network differences associated with working memory in youth with ASD over a two-year period.

Main Methods:

  • Magnetoencephalography (MEG) data from 32 participants (7-14 years) with and without ASD were analyzed.
  • A visual n-back task (1- and 2-back) was used to assess working memory performance and neural activity.
  • Whole-brain functional connectivity analysis was performed, focusing on theta (4-7 Hz) and alpha (8-14 Hz) frequency bands.

Main Results:

  • Youth with ASD exhibited decreased theta frequency connectivity in higher memory load conditions compared to typically developing (TD) controls.
  • This hypo-connectivity in ASD was observed in networks involving visual, frontal, parietal, and limbic regions.
  • TD youth showed increased alpha connectivity over two years, indicating developmental progression not seen in the ASD group, despite similar task performance.

Conclusions:

  • ASD is associated with atypical development of working memory neural networks, particularly in theta frequency connectivity.
  • These findings highlight network-based differences in neural functioning and developmental trajectories in youth with ASD.
  • The study underscores the importance of considering developmental changes in brain networks for understanding ASD.