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Maladaptive explore/exploit trade-offs in schizophrenia.

Lucinda J Speers1, David K Bilkey1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.

Trends in Neurosciences
|March 6, 2023
PubMed
Summary

The explore/exploit trade-off framework offers new insights into schizophrenia, suggesting maladaptive behaviors in physical, visual, and cognitive foraging tasks. This approach may help resolve research paradoxes by examining reward and cost evaluations.

Keywords:
exploitationexplorationflexible decision-makingforagingpsychiatric disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Schizophrenia is a complex disorder with systemic-level understanding still lacking.
  • Existing research presents apparent paradoxes that require novel theoretical frameworks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose the explore/exploit trade-off as a unifying framework for schizophrenia research.
  • To re-evaluate schizophrenia symptoms through the lens of foraging theory.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent evidence on explore/exploit behaviors in schizophrenia.
  • Application of optimal foraging theories, including the marginal value theorem (MVT).

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests fundamental explore/exploit behaviors are maladaptive in schizophrenia across various foraging domains.
  • Aberrant processing of reward, context, and cost/effort may underlie these maladaptive responses.

Conclusions:

  • The explore/exploit framework provides a holistic and ecologically valid perspective on schizophrenia.
  • Optimal foraging theories, like MVT, can illuminate the mechanisms behind schizophrenia's complex symptoms.