Assessment of Cardiovascular Disease Among Predominantly Black Gout Patients
Harshith Priyan Chandrakumar1, Anoop Venkat Puskoor1, Seeta Chillumuntala1
1From the Department of Internal Medicine.
Insights
Gout significantly increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) and heart failure (HF) risk in Black adults. This study highlights the urgent need for targeted interventions to mitigate these risks in this population.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Rheumatology
- Public Health
Background:
- Limited data exist on gout's association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Black populations.
- This study addresses this gap by examining gout and CVD in a predominantly Black urban cohort.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the association between gout and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a predominantly Black urban population.
- To investigate the specific risks of heart failure (HF) in gout patients within this demographic.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional analysis compared a gout cohort with an age- and sex-matched control group.
- Clinical data and echocardiograms were reviewed for gout patients with heart failure (HF).
- Primary outcomes included the prevalence and strength of association between gout and CVD; secondary outcomes focused on HF risk, mortality, and readmissions.
Main Results:
- Gout patients (89% Black) showed significantly higher rates of various CVDs compared to controls.
- The adjusted odds ratio for CVD in gout patients was 2.9 (95% CI, 1.9-4.5).
- Gout patients had a 7.1 times higher adjusted odds ratio for heart failure (HF) (95% CI, 4.7-10.6).
Conclusions:
- Gout confers a 3-fold increased CVD risk and a 7-fold increased HF-specific risk in a predominantly Black population.
- Further research is essential to validate these findings.
- Interventions are needed to reduce gout-associated morbidity in this high-risk group.
Introduction:
Although the association between gout and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been extensively studied, scarce data are available for the Black population. We aimed to assess the association between gout and CVD in a predominantly Black urban population with gout.
Methods:
A cross-sectional analysis was performed between a gout cohort and an age-/sex-matched control group. Clinical parameters and 2D echocardiograms were reviewed for the patients with gout and heart failure (HF). The primary outcome studied includes the prevalence and strength of association between gout and CVD. Secondary outcomes studied includes strength of association of gout and HF categorized by ejection fraction, mortality, and HF readmissions.
Results:
Four hundred seventy-one patients with gout had a mean age of 63.7 ± 0.5 years; 89% were Black, 63% were men, and mean body mass index was 31.3 ± 0.4 kg/m 2 . Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia were present in 89%, 46%, and 52%, respectively. Compared with controls, patients with gout had significantly higher rates of angina, arrhythmia, coronary artery disease/stents, myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, cerebrovascular accident, and peripheral vascular disease. The adjusted odds ratio for CVD was 2.9 (95% confidence interval, 1.9-4.5; p < 0.001). Gout patients had a higher prevalence of HF with 45% (n = 212) compared with controls with 9.4% (n = 44). Adjusted odds ratio for HF risk was 7.1 (95% confidence interval, 4.7-10.6; p < 0.01).
Conclusions:
Gout in a predominantly Black population confers 3 times the CVD risk and 7 times HF-specific risk compared with age- and sex-matched cohort. Further research is needed to confirm our findings and to develop interventions to reduce morbidity associated with gout.
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