Facial Reconstruction Using Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) Flap: A Review of the Literature

The sternocleidomastoid (SCM) flap has been used for a long time in protective coverage of major vessels, reconstruction of intraoral pharyngeal, closure of pharyngo-cutaneous fistulas, and augmentation of soft tissue defects in the oral and maxillofacial region. However, this flap is not yet commonly used due to doubtful blood supply to the flap. This flap offers favorable esthetic results, combined flap, rich vascularization, and the possibility of shifting the two heads of the muscle. Thus, this flap has been used broadly in the maxillofacial region to reconstruct the defects of the post-parotidectomy, mandible, pharynx, and floor of the mouth defects. Previous studies discussed the use of a SCM flap following parotidectomy. However, few studies explained the use of SCMs in facial reconstruction. This study aims to review published articles discussing the use of SCMs for facial reconstruction.