Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 7, 2025
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures
Published on: May 16, 2025
FEATURES OF MORPHOGENESIS OF THE BONES OF THE HUMAN ORBIT
Oleksandr V Tsyhykalo1, Nataliia B Kuzniak1, Roman R Dmytrenko1
1BUKOVINIAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, CHERNIVTSI, UKRAINE I. HORBACHEVSKY TERNOPIL NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, TERNOPIL, UKRAINE.
Objective:
The aim: To find out the sources of origin, the chronology of ossification, the peculiarities of age-related topographical and anatomical changes in the bones of the human orbit.
Patients And Methods:
Materials and methods: The research was carried out on the specimens of 18 human embryos and prefetuses aged from 4th to 12th weeks of intrauterine development and 12 human fetuses aged from 4th to 9th months which were studied by microscopic examination and 3D reconstruction.
Results:
Results: The first signs of osteogenesis around the main nervous and visceral contents of the orbit rudiment are observed in 6-week-old embryos in the form of seven cartilaginous bone models. The first signs of ossification in the region of the orbit are found in the maxilla. During the 6th month of intrauterine development, intensive processes of ossification of the frontal, sphenoidal, ethmoidal bones and maxilla are noticeable. From the beginning of the fetal pe¬riod of human ontogenesis, the ossification of bone rudiments that form the walls of the orbit continues. The processes of ossification of the structures of the sphenoidal bone continue, which leads to morphological transformations of the orbit in 5-month-old fetuses - it is separated from the sphenopalatine and infratemporal fossae by a bone layer, the optic canal is formed, and in 6-month-old fetuses, processes of ossification of the frontal, sphenoidal and ethmoidal bones and maxilla occur, Müller's muscle changes its structure to a fibrous one.
Conclusion:
Conclusions: Critical periods of the orbit development are the 6th month of prenatal ontogenesis and the 8th month.
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