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Developmental coordination disorder subtypes in children: An unsupervised clustering.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) affects motor skill acquisition in children.
  • Accurate diagnosis and subtyping of DCD are crucial for targeted interventions and understanding its etiology.
  • Current classifications may not fully capture the heterogeneity within DCD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify distinct subtypes of DCD in children using unsupervised clustering.
  • To characterize the neuropsychological profiles of these DCD subtypes.
  • To explore the clinical implications of DCD subtyping for prognosis and research.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 164 children diagnosed with DCD were analyzed.
  • Unsupervised hierarchical clustering was performed using principal component analysis.
  • Data included cognitive, motor, and visuospatial scores from standardized assessments.

Main Results:

  • Four distinct subgroups of DCD were identified.
  • Two subgroups presented with combined visuospatial and gestural difficulties.
  • Two subgroups exhibited pure gestural disorders, primarily affecting speed or precision. A subgroup with severe visuospatial impairment showed the poorest overall performance.

Conclusions:

  • Subtyping DCD based on distinct profiles offers valuable insights into prognosis and patient management.
  • These identified subgroups provide a framework for homogeneous patient cohorts in future DCD research.
  • Understanding these subtypes can guide tailored therapeutic strategies for children with DCD.