Quantum Informed Machine-Learning Potentials for Molecular Dynamics Simulations of CO₂'s Chemisorption and Diffusion...

Among various porous solids for gas separation and purification, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising materials that potentially combine high CO₂ uptake and CO₂/N₂ selectivity. So far, within the hundreds of thousands of MOF structures known today, it remains a challenge to computationally identify the best suited species. First principle-based simulations of CO₂ adsorption in MOFs would provide the necessary accuracy; however, they are impractical due to the high computational cost. Classical force field-based simulations would be computationally feasible; however, they do not provide sufficient accuracy. Thus, the entropy contribution that requires both accurate force fields and sufficiently long computing time for sampling is difficult to obtain in simulations. Here, we report quantum-informed machine-learning force fields (QMLFFs) for atomistic simulations of CO₂ in MOFs. We demonstrate that the method has a much higher computational efficiency (∼1000×) than the first-principle one while maintaining the quantum-level accuracy. As a proof of concept, we show that the QMLFF-based molecular dynamics simulations of CO₂ in Mg-MOF-74 can predict the binding free energy landscape and the diffusion coefficient close to experimental values. The combination of machine learning and atomistic simulation helps achieve more accurate and efficient in silico evaluations of the chemisorption and diffusion of gas molecules in MOFs.