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Updated: Aug 7, 2025
Adjunctive Diode Laser Therapy and Probiotic Lactobacillus Therapy in the Treatment of Periodontitis and Peri-Implant Disease
Published on: May 9, 2022
Do e-cigarettes have a part to play in peri-implant diseases?
G Baniulyte1, K Ali2
1Academic Clinical Fellow in Oral Surgery, Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.
Design:
Systematic review.
Data Sources:
The following databases were searched for publications up to May 2022: Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, Cochrane and Open Grey. Additionally, four journals were hand searched.
Study Selection:
Clear inclusion and exclusion criteria were provided. A focused question was outlined using PICO format. A full search protocol was supplied, and all study designs were considered.
Data Extraction And Synthesis:
Two reviewers screened 97 articles after de-duplication. Fourteen full-text articles were assessed. Data were collected using a spreadsheet.
Results:
Four cross-sectional studies were included in the systematic review, all reporting on male participants. Meta-analysis was performed highlighting worse outcomes in electronic cigarette (e- cigarette) user group regarding increased bone loss, probing depth, plaque index and bleeding on probing, as well as increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, when compared to never-smokers.
Conclusions:
From the limited number of studies available, e-cigarettes appear to have a negative impact on dental implant outcomes in male patients.
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