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Antimicrobial and cleaning effects of ultrasonic-mediated plasma-loaded microbubbles on Enterococcus faecalis

Mengqian Zhu1, Jie Dang2, Feihong Dong2

  • 1Department of General Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, 100081, China.

BMC Oral Health
|March 8, 2023
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Ultrasonic-mediated cold plasma-loaded microbubbles (PMBs) effectively disinfect Enterococcus faecalis biofilms in root canals. This novel approach shows significant bacterial removal and biofilm elimination with acceptable mechanical safety for dental applications.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Microbiology
  • Dental Materials Science

Background:

  • Enterococcus faecalis is a primary cause of root canal treatment failure.
  • Effective disinfection of E. faecalis biofilms is crucial for endodontic success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the disinfection efficacy of ultrasonic-mediated cold plasma-loaded microbubbles (PMBs) against E. faecalis biofilms.
  • To assess the mechanical safety of PMBs on dentin.
  • To investigate the underlying mechanisms of PMB action.

Main Methods:

  • PMBs were fabricated and characterized for reactive species (nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide).
  • E. faecalis biofilms on human tooth disks were treated with PMBs, NaOCl, or CHX.
  • Disinfection and elimination effects were analyzed using CLSM and SEM.
  • Dentin microhardness and roughness were measured to assess mechanical safety.

Main Results:

  • Ultrasound treatment significantly increased nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide concentrations in PMBs.
  • PMBs with ultrasound effectively removed bacteria and biofilm, including within dentin tubules.
  • While NaOCl was effective on surfaces, its penetration into tubules was limited.
  • PMB treatment did not significantly alter dentin microhardness or roughness.

Conclusions:

  • Ultrasonic-mediated PMBs demonstrate potent disinfection and biofilm removal capabilities.
  • PMBs offer a promising, mechanically safe alternative for root canal disinfection.
  • Further research into the mechanisms of PMB action is warranted.
Keywords:
Endodontic treatmentEnterococcus faecalis biofilmMechanical safetyPlasma-loaded microbubbles (PMBs)Ultrasound treatment

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