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Related Concept Videos

Transcription01:10

Transcription

147.4K
Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
147.4K
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

38.4K
Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
38.4K
Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

623
The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or...
623
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

7.0K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
7.0K
Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

54
Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
54
Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

23.4K
Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
23.4K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 7, 2025

Studying Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Mice
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Studying Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Mice

Published on: August 2, 2024

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Dynamic changes in transcriptome during orthodontic tooth movement.

Jia Liu1, Po-Jung Chen2, Shivam Mehta3

  • 1Private Practice, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research
|March 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) significantly alters gene expression in rat alveolar bone, with distinct patterns observed over 14 days. Key pathways involved include hypoxia, inflammation, and bone remodeling, crucial for understanding OTM

Keywords:
RNA sequencingTransciptomeorthodontic tooth movement

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Orthodontics

Background:

  • Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) involves complex biological responses in alveolar bone.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying OTM is crucial for optimizing treatment outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate global gene expression changes in alveolar bone during OTM using next-generation sequencing (NGS).
  • To identify key biological pathways affected by OTM in a rat model.

Main Methods:

  • Gene expression profiling of alveolar bone from Wistar rats undergoing OTM via mesial force application.
  • RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed at multiple time points (3 hours to 14 days) post-force application.
  • Bioinformatic analysis, including differential gene expression analysis and principal component analysis (PCA), was conducted.

Main Results:

  • A total of 18,192 genes were analyzed, with the highest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) observed on day 1.
  • Six distinct temporal expression patterns were identified, indicating varied kinetics of gene regulation.
  • PCA revealed distinct clustering by time points, with days 3, 7, and 14 showing similar gene expression profiles.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct gene expression patterns emerge during OTM at different time intervals.
  • Hypoxia, inflammation, and bone remodeling pathways are identified as major mechanisms driving OTM-induced biological changes.