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Cell-Like Capsules with "Smart" Compartments.

So Hyun Ahn1, Leah K Borden2, William E Bentley1,2

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|March 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created smart multicompartment capsules (MCCs) with distinct, stimulus-responsive inner compartments. These biopolymer capsules can be selectively degraded by enzymes, reactive oxygen species, or UV light, mimicking cellular functions.

Keywords:
adaptive materialsartificial cellscell mimicsdegradable capsulesdegradable gelsprotocellsresponsive materials

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Synthetic Biology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Eukaryotic cells feature compartmentalization for specialized functions.
  • Multicompartment capsules (MCCs) mimic cellular architecture using biopolymers.
  • Developing MCCs with distinct, stimulus-responsive compartments is an ongoing challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer "smart" multicompartment capsules (MCCs) with chemically unique inner compartments.
  • To achieve orthogonal degradation of compartments in response to specific stimuli.
  • To advance MCCs as platforms emulating cellular architecture and behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Alginate (Alg) biopolymer was used to create MCCs.
  • Crosslinking agents, calcium (Ca2+) and iron (Fe3+), were altered to tune compartment properties.
  • Stimuli included enzymes (alginate lyases), reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide), and UV light irradiation.

Main Results:

  • Alginate compartments crosslinked with Ca2+ degraded upon enzyme contact but were stable to H2O2 and UV light.
  • Alginate compartments crosslinked with Fe3+ degraded upon exposure to H2O2 or UV light, but not enzymes.
  • Selective and sequential degradation of individual compartments within MCCs was demonstrated.

Conclusions:

  • Altering crosslinking cations (Ca2+ vs. Fe3+) enables orthogonal, stimulus-specific degradation of alginate compartments.
  • This approach allows for "on-demand" selective compartment release using biologically relevant stimuli.
  • The study advances MCCs as versatile platforms for emulating cellular compartmentalization and rudimentary cell-like behaviors.