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'H-type' tracheoesophageal fistula in an infant: A case report

M D Moremi-Letsoalo1, A B Sebastian van As2, N G Tiva1

  • 1Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Limpopo, Pietersburg Hospital, South Africa.

African Journal of Thoracic and Critical Care Medicine
|March 10, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Congenital isolated H-type tracheoesophageal fistula (TOF) is a rare condition that poses diagnostic challenges. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent severe complications like chronic lung disease and failure to thrive in affected infants.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Neonatology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Congenital isolated H-type tracheoesophageal fistula (TOF) is a rare anomaly.
  • Diagnosis is often challenging due to the intact esophageal continuity.

Observation:

  • Clinical presentation includes coughing, cyanosis during feeding, recurrent infections, failure to thrive, and abdominal distention.
  • The absence of esophageal discontinuity complicates early identification.

Findings:

  • Delayed diagnosis of H-type TOF is common.
  • Missed or delayed diagnosis leads to significant complications.

Implications:

  • Emphasizes the need for heightened clinical suspicion for H-type TOF in neonates with suggestive symptoms.
  • Highlights the importance of timely and accurate diagnosis to improve patient outcomes and prevent long-term morbidities.

Keywords:
H-type isolated fistulaHIVPneumocystis jirovecii pneumoniacytomegalovirusmicroscopy and culturepolymerase chain reactionretroviral diseasetracheoesophageal fistula

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