Monkeypox virus: emerging of an old neglected virus

Area of Science:

• Virology
• Infectious Diseases
• Public Health

Background:

• Simian orthopoxvirosis, or monkeypox, has seen a significant global emergence since April 2022.
• The Monkeypox virus (MPXV), a member of the Orthopoxvirus (OPXV) genus within the Poxviridae family, is endemic in Africa.
• MPXV's emergence in non-endemic regions like Europe and the US has brought attention to this previously neglected disease.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of Orthopoxvirus (OPXV) knowledge.
• To specifically focus on the Monkeypox virus (MPXV) responsible for the 2022 outbreak.
• To contextualize the global emergence within the virus's endemic history and characteristics.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing scientific publications on OPXV and MPXV.
• Analysis of epidemiological data related to the 2022 monkeypox outbreak.
• Examination of the virus's classification, history, and regulatory status.

Main Results:

• MPXV has been endemic in Africa since 1958.
• The 2022 outbreak represents an unusual and widespread emergence in non-endemic countries.
• MPXV is regulated due to its similarity to smallpox virus and potential for misuse.

Conclusions:

• The 2022 global emergence underscores the need for increased understanding and surveillance of MPXV.
• Regulatory restrictions in some regions may limit research crucial for combating outbreaks.
• A thorough review of OPXV and MPXV is essential for preparedness and response strategies.