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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Factors Influencing Heart Rate01:30

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The heart rate, or pulse rate, is a vital indicator of cardiovascular health. It reflects the number of times the heart beats per minute. Various physiological and environmental factors influence heart rate, increasing or decreasing cardiac output. Understanding these factors is crucial for assessing heart function and identifying potential health issues.
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Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
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Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

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Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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Overview of the Heart01:07

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The heart, a muscular organ located in the chest, functions as the body's pump, circulating blood through the vascular system. It has four chambers: two atria on top and two ventricles below. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and passes it to the right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and transfers it to the left ventricle, which pumps it to the rest of the body.
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Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Updated: Aug 7, 2025

Author Spotlight: Workflow for Integrating POCUS Data into EHR for Managing Heart Failure Patients
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How Does COVID-19 Affect the Heart?

Lorenzo R Sewanan1, Kevin J Clerkin2, Nathan R Tucker3

  • 1Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.

Current Cardiology Reports
|March 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) can cause diverse cardiac issues, even after recovery. Understanding these effects is crucial for managing future cardiovascular disease burdens.

Keywords:
AutopsyCOVID-19Cardiac imagingCardiac injuryMicrothrombiMolecular pathophysiology

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Cardiac complications are observed in both acute and post-acute phases of COVID-19.
  • Current understanding is based on clinical, imaging, autopsy, and molecular studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of cardiac effects associated with COVID-19.
  • To highlight findings from various study types, including autopsy and molecular analyses.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical studies
  • Analysis of imaging data
  • Examination of autopsy findings
  • Molecular studies

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 cardiac effects are heterogeneous, with microthrombi and cardiomyocyte necrosis common in non-survivors.
  • Macrophages infiltrate the heart, but typically do not meet criteria for myocarditis.
  • Molecular studies suggest SARS-CoV-2 infection of pericytes, immunothrombosis, and inflammatory responses contribute to cardiac pathology.
  • Even mild COVID-19 may increase risks for cardiac inflammation and cardiovascular disorders.

Conclusions:

  • The precise mechanisms of COVID-19 cardiac pathophysiology are still being investigated.
  • Understanding diverse COVID-19 cardiac phenotypes is essential for future cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment.
  • The evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants and large number of recovered patients suggest a growing global cardiovascular disease burden.