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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

137
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
137

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Feigning Adult ADHD on a Comprehensive Neuropsychological Test Battery: An Analogue Study.

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Performance validity testing is crucial in neuropsychological evaluations. Certain tests effectively detect simulated adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), while others are less sensitive, aiding in accurate assessment.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuropsychology
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Performance validity is critical in neuropsychological evaluations to ensure reliable results.
  • Embedded validity indicators offer efficient performance assessment and reduce coaching vulnerability.
  • Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) assessment requires careful consideration of performance validity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of embedded validity indicators in detecting simulated adult ADHD.
  • To identify specific neuropsychological tests most effective in distinguishing genuine ADHD from simulated noncredible performance.
  • To establish cut-off scores for validity indicators with high specificity in the ADHD group.

Main Methods:

  • Administered a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery to 57 adults with ADHD, 60 neurotypical controls, and 151 instructed simulators.
  • Derived cut-off scores for all available outcome variables from the test battery.
  • Analyzed sensitivity and specificity of each test in detecting noncredible performance.

Main Results:

  • All tested validity indicators achieved at least 90% specificity in the ADHD group.
  • Sensitivity varied significantly across tests, ranging from 0% to 64.9%.
  • Tests of selective attention, vigilance, and inhibition showed the highest utility in detecting simulated ADHD; figural fluency and task switching were less sensitive.

Conclusions:

  • Specific embedded validity indicators are effective in identifying simulated adult ADHD.
  • A pattern of multiple low-percentile scores (2nd-4th) was rare in genuine ADHD but identified 58% of simulators.
  • Neuropsychological test batteries can incorporate validity indicators to enhance the accuracy of adult ADHD assessments.