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Artificial Intelligence and Public Health: An Exploratory Study.

David Jungwirth1, Daniela Haluza1

  • 1Department of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|March 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Artificial intelligence (AI) can assist public health research by generating text and summarizing data. However, AI cannot be a co-author due to invented citations, highlighting the need for scientific discourse on AI contributions.

Keywords:
ChatGPTGPT-3OpenAIartificial intelligenceautomationchatbotscollaborationdigital healthhuman-AI interactionopen sciencetechnological advancement

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Scientific Research

Background:

  • Artificial intelligence (AI) offers potential to transform research through automated analysis and knowledge discovery.
  • The integration of AI into scientific workflows is rapidly evolving.
  • Public health research can benefit from AI's capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the top 10 contribution areas of AI in public health.
  • To assess the feasibility of using AI, specifically GPT-3, as a scientific co-author.
  • To explore AI's role in advancing public health research.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the "text-davinci-003" model of GPT-3 with default OpenAI playground parameters.
  • Trained the AI model on a large dataset with a 2021 knowledge cut-off.
  • Provided structured input, including scientific quotations, and reviewed AI-generated responses for plausibility.

Main Results:

  • GPT-3 demonstrated ability to assemble, summarize, and generate plausible public health-relevant text.
  • AI identified valuable application areas within public health.
  • A significant portion of AI-generated quotations were fabricated and invalid.
  • AI was deemed a potential team member but not eligible for co-authorship based on current guidelines.

Conclusions:

  • AI can serve as a valuable team member in public health research.
  • Adherence to good scientific practice is essential for AI contributions.
  • A wider scientific discussion is necessary regarding the role and authorship of AI in research.