Distributed Thermal Monitoring of High-Voltage Power Lines

The purpose of this paper is to present the sensor placement strategies that currently determine the thermal monitoring of the phase conductors of high-voltage power lines. In addition to reviewing the international literature, a new sensor placement concept is presented based on a strategy centered on the following question: What are the chances of thermal overload if devices are only placed in certain tension sections? In this new concept, the number and installation location of the sensors are determined in three steps, and a new type of tension-section-ranking constant is introduced that is universal in space and time. The simulations based on this new concept show that the data-sampling frequency and the type of thermal constraint influence the number of sensors. The paper's main finding is that there are cases when only a distributed sensor placement strategy can result in safe and reliable operation. However, due to requiring a large number of sensors, this solution means additional expenses. In the last section, the paper presents different possibilities to reduce costs and introduces the concept of low-cost sensor applications. These devices can result in more flexible network operation and more reliable systems in the future.