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Brain perivascular space imaging across the human lifespan.

Kirsten M Lynch1, Farshid Sepehrband2, Arthur W Toga1

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Age is linked to larger and more numerous enlarged perivascular spaces (PVS) throughout life. These changes vary by brain region and sex, providing a healthy aging reference for PVS research.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Vascular Biology
  • Human Aging

Background:

  • Enlarged perivascular spaces (PVS) are biomarkers for vascular pathology.
  • PVS alterations occur in normal aging and neurological conditions.
  • Normative data on PVS changes with age are lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Characterize age, sex, and cognitive performance influences on PVS.
  • Establish normative PVS anatomical characteristics across the lifespan.
  • Provide a reference for pathological PVS alterations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized multimodal structural MRI data.
  • Analyzed a large cross-sectional cohort (∼1400) of healthy subjects (8-90 years).
  • Investigated PVS anatomical characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Age is associated with wider and more numerous MRI-visible PVS.
  • PVS enlargement trajectories show spatial variation across the lifespan.
  • Males exhibit higher PVS burden than females, with distinct age-related changes.
  • Regions with low childhood PVS show rapid age-related enlargement; high childhood PVS show minimal change.

Conclusions:

  • Age significantly impacts PVS size and number across the healthy lifespan.
  • Sex influences PVS burden and morphology over time.
  • Findings establish a normative PVS reference for comparison with neurological conditions.