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Lower Respiratory Infections in Children With Febrile Neutropenic Leukemia: A Case in a Jordanian Hospital

Nabil Nimer1, Maher Kahder2, Raida Oudat3

  • 1Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan.

Clinical Pediatrics
|March 13, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Pneumonia is common in children with leukemia and febrile neutropenia. Age and packed cell volume are key risk factors, with higher neutrophil counts increasing pneumonia odds in these immunocompromised patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Leukemia patients, especially children, are immunocompromised and susceptible to infections.
  • Febrile neutropenia is a common complication in pediatric leukemia patients, increasing the risk of serious infections like pneumonia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of pneumonia in pediatric leukemia patients experiencing febrile neutropenic episodes.
  • To identify risk factors associated with pneumonia in this vulnerable population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 100 hospitalized pediatric leukemia patients with febrile neutropenia from January 2019 to March 2020.
  • Evaluation for pneumonia and collection of samples for microbial testing.
  • Univariate analysis to identify statistically significant risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Age (P = .033) and packed cell volume (P = .006) were significant risk factors for pneumonia.
  • Increased absolute neutrophil count was associated with higher odds of pneumonia (OR, 2.386; 95% CI, 0.859-6.625).

Conclusions:

  • Pneumonia is prevalent in immunocompromised pediatric leukemia patients with febrile neutropenia.
  • Findings can inform the development of evidence-based treatment protocols for febrile neutropenia in leukemia patients.
  • Improved understanding may lead to more responsive patient management and treatment strategies.

Keywords:
Jordanchemotherapyfebrile neutropenialeukemiapediatric

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