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In vitro spermatogenesis: In search of fully defined conditions
1Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|March 13, 2023
Summary
Reconstructing spermatogenesis in vitro remains challenging. Current methods like organ culture and 3D cultures show promise for producing functional cells and studying meiosis, but complete success is yet to be achieved.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive biology
- Cell biology
- Developmental biology
Background:
- Complete in vitro reconstruction of spermatogenesis under defined conditions is an unmet goal.
- Various techniques are being explored to advance this field.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current progress in in vitro spermatogenesis techniques.
- To discuss the successes and limitations of different culture methods.
Main Methods:
- Organ culture of intact testis tissue.
- Three-dimensional (3D) cultures of specific testicular cell populations.
- Conventional adherent cell cultures focusing on germ cells.
Main Results:
- Organ culture can produce functional haploid cells but relies on unknown factors.
- 3D cultures allow examination of cell interactions but germ cell development is limited.
- Adherent cultures provide insights into in vitro meiosis and initiation mechanisms.
Conclusions:
- Significant progress has been made in in vitro spermatogenesis, with organ culture being the most successful to date.
- Further research is needed to overcome limitations in current 3D and adherent culture systems for complete spermatogenesis.
- Understanding in vitro meiosis is crucial for advancing the field.
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