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Cord serum metabolic signatures of future progression to immune-mediated diseases
Tuulia Hyötyläinen1, Bagavathy Shanmugam Karthikeyan1,2, Tannaz Ghaffarzadegan1
1School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 702 81 Örebro, Sweden.
Insights
Infants who develop autoimmune diseases show distinct metabolic profiles at birth, including altered triacylglycerols and gut microbiota metabolites. These early metabolic changes may indicate shared underlying pathways across various immune-mediated conditions.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Metabolomics
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Prospective studies indicate metabolic dysregulation precedes autoimmune disease development.
- Identifying disease-specific versus common metabolic changes across immune-mediated diseases remains unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate cord serum metabolic profiles in infants who later developed immune-mediated diseases.
- To determine if shared metabolic phenotypes exist at birth across multiple autoimmune conditions.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of cord serum metabolic profiles from the All Babies In Southeast Sweden (ABIS) cohort.
- Comparison of metabolic profiles between infants who developed type 1 diabetes, celiac disease, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, or hypothyroidism and matched controls.
Main Results:
- Elevated levels of multiple triacylglycerols (TGs) were observed in infants who later developed autoimmune diseases.
- Alterations in gut microbiota-related metabolites were identified across autoimmune groups.
- The most distinct metabolic differences were noted in infants who developed hypothyroidism.
Conclusions:
- Shared metabolic phenotypes at birth are present across different autoimmune diseases.
- These findings suggest common underlying metabolic pathways contributing to immune-mediated conditions.
- Metabolic profiling at birth may offer insights into early disease risk for autoimmune disorders.
Abstract:
Previous prospective studies suggest that progression to autoimmune diseases is preceded by metabolic dysregulation, but it is not clear which metabolic changes are disease-specific and which are common across multiple immune-mediated diseases. Here we investigated metabolic profiles in cord serum in a general population cohort (All Babies In Southeast Sweden; ABIS), comprising infants who progressed to one or more immune-mediated diseases later in life: type 1 diabetes (n = 12), celiac disease (n = 28), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (n = 9), inflammatory bowel disease (n = 7), and hypothyroidism (n = 6); and matched controls (n = 270). We observed elevated levels of multiple triacylglycerols (TGs) an alteration in several gut microbiota related metabolites in the autoimmune groups. The most distinct differences were observed in those infants who later developed HT. The specific similarities observed in metabolic profiles across autoimmune diseases suggest that they share specific common metabolic phenotypes at birth that contrast with those of healthy controls.
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