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Updated: Aug 7, 2025

Guided Endodontics: Three-Dimensional Planning and Template-Aided Preparation of Endodontic Access Cavities
Published on: May 24, 2022
Endodontic management strategies for permanent teeth with immature apices
1Khawer Ayub Specialty Registrar in Restorative Dentistry, King's College Hospital Dental Institute, London, UK and William Harvey Hospital, Ashford, UK.
Abstract:
This article will provide a summary of causes of incomplete root end closure and the implications of this on endodontic treatment. The limitations and benefits of traditional and more contemporary materials including the use of bioceramic cements are considered. The apical barrier technique is described in detail for teeth with immature apices utilising a variety of bioceramic cements and regenerative endodontic procedures with an overview of appropriate instruments to successfully complete the procedure.
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