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Related Concept Videos

Antibody Actions01:26

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Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
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Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Generation of Discriminative Human Monoclonal Antibodies from Rare Antigen-specific B Cells Circulating in Blood
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Outsmarting Pathogens with Antibody Engineering.

Ahlam N Qerqez1, Rui P Silva2, Jennifer A Maynard1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA;

Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
|March 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing pathogen-resistant antibodies is crucial for combating infectious diseases, especially for opportunistic pathogens. Antibody engineering can overcome pathogen defense mechanisms, enhancing protection and guiding vaccine development.

Keywords:
Fc engineeringantibody–drug conjugatebispecific antibodyimmune evasionpassive immunizationvaccines

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Pathogens causing opportunistic or latent infections possess complex virulence factors that evade immune responses.
  • Some pathogens actively degrade antibodies or create decoy epitopes, leading to non-protective or harmful immune responses.
  • There is a need for effective antibody-based strategies against challenging pathogens, particularly where vaccines are unavailable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss strategies for designing antibodies resistant to pathogen defense mechanisms.
  • To highlight how antibody engineering can overcome pathogen evasion tactics.
  • To guide the development of novel immunogens for vaccines against complex pathogens.

Main Methods:

  • Reviewing pathogen strategies for antibody evasion (e.g., antibody destruction, decoy epitopes).
  • Exploring antibody engineering approaches to counteract these defenses (e.g., targeting conserved epitopes, modifying Fc domains).
  • Discussing methods to enable antibodies to access intracellular or hidden pathogens.

Main Results:

  • Antibody engineering can create antibodies that resist pathogen-specific defense mechanisms.
  • Strategies include targeting conserved neutralizing epitopes and designing Fc domains for enhanced stability and function.
  • Engineered antibodies can neutralize pathogens by overcoming their evasion tactics and accessing protected sites.

Conclusions:

  • Designing pathogen-resistant antibodies is a viable strategy to enhance protection against infectious diseases.
  • These engineered antibodies can serve as therapeutics and inform the development of next-generation vaccines.
  • Overcoming pathogen immune evasion through antibody design is key for tackling challenging infectious agents.