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Long-term human spaceflight and inflammaging: Does it promote aging?

Miriam Capri1, Maria Conte1, Erika Ciurca2

  • 1Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

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|March 14, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spaceflight accelerates aging by impacting multiple body systems, including the immune, neuroendocrine, and cardiovascular systems. These changes, driven by molecular stress and inflammation, mirror accelerated aging processes and offer insights for ground-based health interventions.

Keywords:
AgingExposomeHuman spaceflightInflammagingNF- κB

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Area of Science:

  • Space Medicine
  • Gerontology
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Spaceflight presents unique stressors (microgravity, radiation) creating a novel exposome.
  • These stressors impact physiological systems, potentially mimicking accelerated aging.
  • Understanding these effects is crucial for astronaut health and aging research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the effects of prolonged spaceflight on key physiological systems.
  • To highlight similarities between spaceflight-induced changes and accelerated aging.
  • To discuss potential countermeasures for both astronauts and older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of spaceflight effects on immune-neuroendocrine, brain, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal systems.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms including oxidative stress, autophagy, and DNA damage.
  • Examination of the inflammaging theory in relation to spaceflight and aging.

Main Results:

  • Spaceflight induces muscle atrophy, bone loss, vascular/metabolic changes, and immune dysregulation, mirroring aging.
  • Molecular events like oxidative stress and telomere shortening contribute to these changes.
  • An inflammatory response, termed 'inflammaging,' appears to be a central driver, creating a feedback loop.

Conclusions:

  • Spaceflight significantly accelerates aging processes through systemic physiological and molecular changes.
  • The inflammaging theory provides a framework for understanding these accelerated aging effects.
  • Countermeasures developed for spaceflight may benefit aging populations on Earth.