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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation
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Persistent olfactory learning deficits during and post-COVID-19 infection.

Rajdeep Bhowmik1, Meenakshi Pardasani1, Sarang Mahajan1

  • 1Laboratory of Neural Circuits and Behaviour (LNCB), Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India.

Current Research in Neurobiology
|March 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals that Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes severe, persistent olfactory impairments and learning deficits in patients, even months after infection. These findings highlight the need for long-term monitoring of neurocognitive effects in COVID-19 survivors.

Keywords:
Odor detectability indexOlfactory matching accuracySymptomatic COVID-19 patients

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Sensory Science

Background:

  • Olfactory impairment is a key symptom of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), suggesting potential neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2.
  • A non-invasive, accurate method for quantifying persistent neurological deficits, particularly olfactory impairments, is currently lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify olfactory detectabilities and neurocognitive impairments in symptomatic COVID-19 patients during and post-infection.
  • To assess olfactory learning deficits in healthy subjects, symptomatic patients, and recovered subjects.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a custom-built olfactory-action meter (OAM) for precise behavioral readouts.
  • Employed ten monomolecular odors for detectability tests and two odor pairs for matching tests.
  • Followed cohorts of healthy, symptomatic, and recovered individuals to evaluate olfactory function and learning deficits.

Main Results:

  • Identified severe and persistent olfactory dysfunctions in symptomatic COVID-19 patients.
  • Symptomatic and recovered subjects exhibited significant olfactory learning deficits 4-18 months post-infection compared to healthy controls.
  • Observed differential odor detectabilities and olfactory function scores between symptomatic patients and asymptomatic carriers.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 can lead to long-term neurocognitive deficits, necessitating extended post-infection monitoring.
  • Distinct olfactory fitness in symptomatic versus asymptomatic individuals suggests potentially different SARS-CoV-2 infection routes requiring further investigation.