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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
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Coiling of semiflexible paramagnetic colloidal chains.

Aldo Spatafora-Salazar1, Steve Kuei1, Lucas H P Cunha1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA. biswal@rice.edu.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Paramagnetic chains form coils in rotating magnetic fields, enabling microscale transport. Coil size and shape depend on field strength and chain stiffness, revealing distinct coiling mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • Semiflexible filaments exhibit diverse configurations at low Reynolds numbers, crucial for microfluidic applications.
  • Paramagnetic colloidal chains offer controllable structures via external magnetic fields for precise manipulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the coiling dynamics of semiflexible paramagnetic chains in rotating magnetic fields.
  • To understand how field parameters and chain properties influence coil formation and features.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations were employed to model the coiling of semiflexible paramagnetic chains.
  • Analysis focused on the relationship between coil geometry and dimensionless numbers like Mason and elastoviscous numbers.

Main Results:

  • Coil size and shape are governed by Mason and elastoviscous numbers, reflecting field parameters and chain bending stiffness.
  • Two distinct coiling regimes were identified: an elasticity-dependent nonlinear regime and an elasticity-independent linear regime.
  • Coiling mechanisms were linked to chain wagging and folding dynamics based on observed time scales.

Conclusions:

  • The study elucidates the fundamental principles governing the coiling of paramagnetic chains, essential for microtransport applications.
  • Control over coil size and shape is achievable by tuning magnetic field parameters and intrinsic chain properties.
  • Understanding these dynamics paves the way for designing advanced microfluidic devices for targeted material transport.