Reflections on 10 years of effectiveness-implementation hybrid studies.

Area of Science:

• Implementation Science
• Health Services Research
• Research Methodology

Background:

• Effectiveness-implementation hybrid studies are widely used to address intervention effectiveness and implementation simultaneously.
• Critical appraisal of hybrid study conceptualization and application is necessary due to their continued prevalence.
• Previous conceptualizations have led to confusion regarding terminology and methodological application.

Purpose of the Study:

• To offer new reflections and recommendations on the conceptualization and application of effectiveness-implementation hybrid studies.
• To clarify terminology, guide the selection of hybrid study types, and inform methodological choices.
• To provide guidance on integrating cost analyses within hybrid study frameworks.

Main Methods:

• The article presents reflections from authors of the initial hybrid study manuscript and additional experts.
• It critically appraises five conceptual and methodological areas of hybrid studies.
• Guidance is offered through a series of questions to aid in selecting appropriate hybrid study types.

Main Results:

• Recommends replacing the term "design" with "study" to reduce confusion in hybrid study methodology.
• Provides guidance on selecting hybrid study types based on evidence, context, and stakeholder preferences.
• Critiques the hybrid 1-2-3 typology and offers recommendations for its future use and alignment with research designs.

Conclusions:

• Refined conceptualization and application of hybrid studies are crucial for advancing implementation science.
• Clearer terminology and guided selection processes enhance the rigor and utility of hybrid studies.
• Integrating cost analyses into hybrid studies provides a more comprehensive understanding of intervention value.