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Updated: Aug 6, 2025
Multimodal Analytical Platform on a Multiplexed Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging Chip for the Analysis of Extracellular Vesicle Subsets
Published on: March 17, 2023
Multiparametric Biosensors for Characterizing Extracellular Vesicle Subpopulations
Narges Shaabani1, Sabrina Rodrigues Meira1,2, Marcelo Marcet-Palacios3
1Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada.
Abstract:
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an important intercellular communication conduit for cells that have applications in precision therapy and targeted drug delivery. Small EVs, or exosomes, are a 30-150 nm phospholipid-encased subpopulation of EVs that are particularly difficult to characterize due to their small size and because they are difficult to isolate using conventional methods. In this review, we discuss some recent advances in exosome isolation, purification, and sensing platforms using microfluidics, acoustics, and size exclusion chromatography. We discuss some of the challenges and unanswered questions with respect to understanding exosome size heterogeneity and how modern biosensor technology can be applied to exosome isolation. In addition, we discuss how some advancements in sensing platforms such as colorimetric, fluorescent, electronic, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and Raman spectroscopy may be applied to exosome detection in multiparametric systems. The application of cryogenic electron tomography and microscopy to understanding exosome ultrastructure will become vital as this field progresses. In conclusion, we speculate on some future needs in the exosome research field and how these technologies could be applied.
Insights
Recent advances in exosome isolation and sensing technologies, including microfluidics and advanced biosensors, are improving the characterization of these crucial intercellular communication vesicles for therapeutic applications.
Area of Science:
- Biotechnology
- Nanomedicine
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes, are key for intercellular communication and hold promise for precision therapy.
- Characterizing and isolating exosomes (30-150 nm) is challenging due to their small size and conventional method limitations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in exosome isolation, purification, and sensing technologies.
- To discuss challenges in exosome size heterogeneity and the application of biosensors.
- To explore advanced sensing platforms for exosome detection and ultrastructure analysis.
Main Methods:
- Microfluidics
- Acoustic technologies
- Size exclusion chromatography
- Colorimetric, fluorescent, electronic, SPR, and Raman spectroscopy
- Cryogenic electron tomography and microscopy
Main Results:
- Novel platforms enhance exosome isolation and purification efficiency.
- Biosensor technology offers new avenues for exosome characterization and detection.
- Advanced imaging techniques provide insights into exosome ultrastructure.
Conclusions:
- Technological advancements are crucial for overcoming exosome research challenges.
- Future needs include integrated multiparametric systems for comprehensive exosome analysis.
- These technologies will drive progress in exosome-based precision medicine and drug delivery.
