Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

1.5K
A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to...
1.5K
IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

2.6K
When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
2.6K
IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Aldehydes and Ketones01:29

IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Aldehydes and Ketones

5.9K
Infrared spectroscopy, also known as vibrational spectroscopy, is mainly used to determine the types of bonds and functional groups in molecules. In aldehydes and ketones, the carbonyl (C=O) bond shows an absorption around 1710 cm-1. The C=O bond vibration of an aldehyde occurs at lower frequencies than that of a ketone. In addition to the C=O absorption in an aldehyde, the aldehydic C–H bond also gives two peaks in the 2700–2800 cm-1 range. This absorption, coupled with the...
5.9K
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions01:16

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions

1.6K
In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this...
1.6K
IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding01:23

IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding

1.1K
The vibrational frequency of a bond is directly proportional to its bond strength. As a result, stronger bonds vibrate at higher frequencies, while weaker bonds vibrate at lower frequencies. The stretching vibration of the strong O–H bond in alcohols and phenols (very dilute solution or gas phase) appears as a sharp peak at 3600–3650 cm−1.
However, the extent of hydrogen bonding influences the observed stretching frequency and band broadening. Intermolecular or intramolecular...
1.1K
Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission01:14

Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission

2.4K
Molecules possess discrete energy levels called quantum states. Unlike atoms, which have simpler energy levels, molecules possess additional rotational and vibrational energy levels.  Each energy level is separated by an energy gap, with the gaps between adjacent electronic, vibrational, and rotational levels varying significantly. The three types of energy levels in a diatomic molecule are shown in Figure 1.
2.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Electron-phonon coupling and symmetry breaking in superconducting oxide interfaces near ferroelectric quantum criticality.

Nature materials·2026
Same author

Simultaneous nanoscale imaging of local conductivity and chemical potential in a quantum Hall isospin ferromagnet.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Controlling an altermagnetic spin density wave in the kagome magnet CsCr<sub>3</sub>Sb<sub>5</sub>.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Lithography-Compatible Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Stressor for Strain-Modulated T-to-H Phase Evolution of TaS<sub>2</sub>.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Spin-mediated hysteretic switching of unidirectional charge density waves by rotating magnetic fields.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Detecting linear dichroism with atomic resolution.

Nature materials·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization
08:22

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization

Published on: August 6, 2018

6.9K

Single-atom vibrational spectroscopy with chemical-bonding sensitivity.

Mingquan Xu1, De-Liang Bao2, Aowen Li1

  • 1School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.

Nature Materials
|March 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers precisely measured local phonon modes in graphene, revealing how chemical bonds affect vibrations. This breakthrough offers new insights into defect physics and material properties.

More Related Videos

Covalent Attachment of Single Molecules for AFM-based Force Spectroscopy
10:37

Covalent Attachment of Single Molecules for AFM-based Force Spectroscopy

Published on: March 16, 2020

9.7K
Ensemble Force Spectroscopy by Shear Forces
07:30

Ensemble Force Spectroscopy by Shear Forces

Published on: July 26, 2022

1.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization
08:22

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization

Published on: August 6, 2018

6.9K
Covalent Attachment of Single Molecules for AFM-based Force Spectroscopy
10:37

Covalent Attachment of Single Molecules for AFM-based Force Spectroscopy

Published on: March 16, 2020

9.7K
Ensemble Force Spectroscopy by Shear Forces
07:30

Ensemble Force Spectroscopy by Shear Forces

Published on: July 26, 2022

1.6K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Understanding lattice vibrations is key to material functionalities involving phonon transport.
  • Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) vibrational spectroscopy offers high spatial and energy resolution for local phonon mode measurements.
  • Characterizing chemical bonding's impact on phonon modes requires extreme experimental sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the capability of advanced STEM vibrational spectroscopy to resolve phonon modes sensitive to chemical bonding.
  • To investigate the influence of different chemical-bonding configurations on local phonon modes in graphene.
  • To provide insights into defect-induced physics in graphene.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a highly stable and sensitive scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM).
  • Performing vibrational spectroscopy with atomic-level spatial and energy resolution.
  • Complementing experimental data with density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

Main Results:

  • Clearly resolved distinct vibrational signals for substitutional impurities and neighboring carbon atoms in monolayer graphene.
  • Demonstrated sensitivity to different chemical-bonding configurations at the atomic scale.
  • Validated experimental findings with DFT calculations.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced STEM vibrational spectroscopy can directly observe local phonon modes with chemical-bonding sensitivity.
  • This technique provides deeper insights into defect-induced phonon behavior in materials like graphene.
  • Opens new avenues for probing material properties at the fundamental chemical-bond level.