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Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Synthesis of Hypervalent Iodonium Alkynyl Triflates for the Application of Generating Cyanocarbenes
Published on: September 8, 2013
λ3 - and λ5 -Iodanes: Substituent Effects and Pseudorotation/Hypervalent Twisting
Keshaba N Parida1, J Narasimha Moorthy2
1School of Chemistry, IISER Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, Kerala, India.
Steric effects in hypervalent iodine compounds influence their stability and reactivity. Ortho-substitution accelerates reactions like ketone α-tosyloxylation and alcohol oxidation by promoting twisting and non-planarity in λ³- and λ⁵-iodanes.
Area of Science:
- Organic Chemistry
- Hypervalent Iodine Chemistry
Background:
- Hypervalent iodine compounds (λ³- and λ⁵-iodanes) exhibit dynamic behavior through pseudorotation and twisting.
- These conformational changes are crucial for their stability and reactivity in chemical transformations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the literature on how substituents and twisting/pseudorotation affect hypervalent iodine compounds.
- To explore the application of these effects in synthetic organic chemistry.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on steric effects and conformational changes in hypervalent iodine.
- Analysis of how ortho-substitution influences reactivity and selectivity.
Main Results:
- Steric hindrance, particularly ortho-substitution, facilitates twisting in iodanes, enhancing reactivity.
- Sterically-induced non-planarity weakens hypervalent iodine bonds, leading to accelerated reactions.
- Ortho-substitution improves efficiency in α-tosyloxylation of ketones and oxidation of alcohols.
Conclusions:
- Ortho-substitution is a key strategy for controlling reactivity and selectivity in hypervalent iodine chemistry.
- This approach enables the development of new catalysts, including chiral ones, for various synthetic applications.
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