Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...

Seizures: Classification

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Development and validation of a deep survival model to predict time to seizure from routine electroencephalography.

Epilepsia·2026

Same author

Optimal approach to standardized documentation in epilepsy clinics: A scoping review.

Epilepsia·2026

Same author

Prospective evaluation of a seizure detection wearable device for timely interventions in an epilepsy monitoring unit.

Epilepsia·2026

Same author

Enhancing Automated Patient Detection and Tracking in Epilepsy Monitoring Unit Videos.

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference·2025

Same author

TÉCUM: A New Transition Program for Young People With Epilepsy.

Neurology. Clinical practice·2025

Same author

Discovering the Orbit: Charting the Dimensions of Orbitofrontal Epilepsies.

Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society·2025

Same journal

Surface EEG to Identify Cognitive Motor Dissociation After Acute Brain Injury.

Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society·2026

Same journal

The Physics and Physiology of Electrical Stimulation of the Brain.

Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society·2026

Same journal

Neurophysiology in Postanoxic Encephalopathy: Pathophysiology, Prognosis, and Treatment.

Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society·2026

Same journal

A Review on the Functional Connectivity of the Human Opercular Cortex.

Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society·2026

Same journal

Surgical Aspects of Opercular Epilepsies.

Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society·2026

Same journal

Cost-Effectiveness of EEG Monitoring in Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury After Cardiac Arrest.

Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Investigating the Function of Deep Cortical and Subcortical Structures Using Stereotactic Electroencephalography: Lessons from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Investigating the Function of Deep Cortical and Subcortical Structures Using Stereotactic Electroencephalography: Lessons from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Published on: April 15, 2015

Anterior Cingulate Epilepsy: A Review.

Raluca M Pana^1,2, Dang K Nguyen^3,4

¹Epilepsy Service and EEG Department, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society

|March 17, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Recognizing anterior cingulate epilepsy is challenging. This review details noninvasive findings, highlighting emotional/motor seizures and specific semiology like laughter, aiding diagnosis.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization

Published on: September 20, 2024

Equipment Setup and Artifact Removal for Simultaneous Electroencephalogram and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Clinical Review in Epilepsy

Equipment Setup and Artifact Removal for Simultaneous Electroencephalogram and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Clinical Review in Epilepsy

Published on: June 23, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Investigating the Function of Deep Cortical and Subcortical Structures Using Stereotactic Electroencephalography: Lessons from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Investigating the Function of Deep Cortical and Subcortical Structures Using Stereotactic Electroencephalography: Lessons from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Published on: April 15, 2015

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization

Published on: September 20, 2024

Equipment Setup and Artifact Removal for Simultaneous Electroencephalogram and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Clinical Review in Epilepsy

Equipment Setup and Artifact Removal for Simultaneous Electroencephalogram and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Clinical Review in Epilepsy

Published on: June 23, 2023

Area of Science:

Neurology
Epileptology
Neuroimaging

Background:

Anterior cingulate epilepsy is a recently recognized epilepsy syndrome.
Understanding its semiology and diagnostic features is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.

Conclusions:

Anterior cingulate epilepsy presents with distinct semiology and neuroimaging findings.
While challenging to recognize, specific features like ictal laughter and EEG abnormalities should raise suspicion.
Further research into less common etiologies and advanced imaging techniques is warranted.