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Published on: September 24, 2020
COVID-19: booster(s) vs. hospitalization and Intensive Care Unit admission
O Baydar Toprak1, T Akpolat, O Uzun
1Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey. oyabaydarr@yahoo.com.tr.
Insights
Four doses of COVID-19 vaccination significantly reduce intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization risk. Booster efficacy is highest with four doses, offering substantial protection against severe outcomes, even in vulnerable populations.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Vaccinology
- Public Health
Background:
- The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic necessitates evaluating vaccine effectiveness against severe disease and new variants.
- Booster protocols are crucial for maintaining and enhancing population immunity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the vaccination status of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
- To compare the efficacy of different vaccination and booster protocols, including the impact on intensive care unit (ICU) admission.
Main Methods:
- A cohort of 5,331 hospitalized COVID-19 patients was enrolled from 28 Turkish hospitals between September 2021 and January 2022.
- Data collected included patient demographics, vaccination status, and ICU admission rates.
- Statistical analysis was performed to compare the efficacy of varying doses and booster regimens.
Main Results:
- Vaccination significantly reduced the risk of ICU hospitalization compared to unvaccinated individuals.
- Four doses of vaccine provided the highest risk reduction across all age groups.
- The risk of ICU admission decreased 1.25-fold with 1-2 doses, 1.18-fold with 3 doses, and 3.26-fold with 4 doses of vaccine.
Conclusions:
- The study highlights the substantial benefit of COVID-19 vaccination in preventing severe disease and ICU admission.
- A fourth vaccine dose demonstrates superior efficacy in reducing the risk of intensive care, even for high-risk individuals.
Objective:
As the pandemic continues, different vaccine protocols have been implemented to maintain the protection of vaccines and to provide protection against new variants. The aim of this study was to assess hospitalized patients' vaccination status and document the efficacy of boosters.
Patients And Methods:
The patients that were hospitalized due to COVID-19 were enrolled from 28 hospitals in Turkey for five months from September 2021. 5,331 confirmed COVID-19 patients from collaborating centers were randomly enrolled to understand/estimate the distribution of vaccination status in hospitalized patients and to compare the efficacy of vaccination/booster protocols.
Results:
2,779 men and 2,552 women of which 2,408 (45.2%) were admitted to Intensive Care Units participated in this study. It was found that the highest risk reduction for all age groups was found in groups that received 4 doses. Four doses of vaccination for every 3.7 people under 50 years of age, for every 5.7 people in the 50-64 age group, and for every 4.3 people over 65 years of age will prevent 1 patient from being admitted to intensive care. Regardless of the type of vaccine, it was found that the risk of ICU hospitalization decreased in those who were vaccinated compared to those who were not vaccinated. Regardless of the type of vaccine, the ICU risk was found to decrease 1.25-fold in those who received 1 or 2 doses of vaccine, 1.18-fold in those who received 3 doses, and 3.26-fold in those who received 4 doses.
Conclusions:
The results suggested that the addition of a fourth dose is more effective in preventing intensive unit care even in disadvantaged groups.
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