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Electromagnetic Waves in Matter01:30

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The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
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The internal energy of a substance—the total kinetic energy of all its molecules and the potential energy of their associated forces—depends on the strength of the intermolecular forces in the condensed phases and the pressure exerted on the substance. The internal energy of a substance is the highest in the gaseous state, the lowest in the solid state, and intermediate in the liquid state. Phase transitions are caused by changes in physical conditions, such as temperature and...
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Gravitational Wave Signal for Quark Matter with Realistic Phase Transition.

Yuki Fujimoto1,2, Kenji Fukushima1, Kenta Hotokezaka3

  • 1Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

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Binary neutron star mergers can reveal the transition to quark matter (QM). Early black hole formation after merger signals EOS softening, indicating QM onset in a smooth crossover scenario.

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Area of Science:

  • Astrophysics
  • Nuclear Physics
  • Gravitational Wave Astronomy

Background:

  • Neutron star (NS) cores may transition to quark matter (QM) at maximum mass.
  • Binary NS mergers generate gravitational waves carrying information on the equation of state (EOS) and QM transition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To simulate gravitational waves from binary neutron star mergers using a realistic EOS consistent with ab initio approaches.
  • To compare simulation results with a smooth crossover EOS against a first-order hadron-quark phase transition EOS.

Main Methods:

  • Gravitational wave simulations of binary neutron star mergers.
  • Utilizing realistic equations of state (EOS) derived from χEFT and pQCD.
  • Comparing outcomes for crossover vs. first-order phase transition scenarios.

Main Results:

  • Early black hole formation in the post-merger phase robustly indicates EOS softening associated with QM onset.
  • This finding is particularly significant for the smooth crossover scenario.

Conclusions:

  • The timing of black hole formation post-merger provides a robust signature for the onset of quark matter.
  • Observational constraints on electromagnetic counterparts can further refine the understanding of the hadron-quark phase transition.