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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

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Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
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Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

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Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
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Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management01:27

Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management

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A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...
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Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

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Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
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Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

238
Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
238
COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

400
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
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A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism
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Isolated pulmonary embolism - a specific clinical entity?

Jana Hirmerová, Simona Bílková, Vlastimil Woznica

    Vnitrni Lekarstvi
    |March 17, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    Pulmonary embolism often stems from deep vein thrombosis, but sometimes it arises directly within the pulmonary arteries. Pulmonary artery thrombosis in situ has unique causes and may require different treatments.

    Keywords:
    Deep vein thrombosisPulmonary embolismanticoagulationdeep vein thrombosispulmonary arterypulmonary embolism

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    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Pulmonology
    • Vascular Medicine

    Background:

    • Pulmonary embolism (PE) is typically linked to deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
    • However, DVT is absent in about half of PE cases, suggesting alternative causes.
    • Pulmonary artery thrombosis in situ (PA-TIS) is a distinct entity that can occur independently of DVT.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To differentiate pulmonary artery thrombosis in situ from classical pulmonary embolism.
    • To identify risk factors and clinical characteristics of PA-TIS.
    • To explore potential differences in prognosis and therapeutic strategies.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of clinical data for patients diagnosed with pulmonary embolism and pulmonary artery thrombosis in situ.
    • Analysis of risk factors, clinical presentation, and diagnostic findings.
    • Comparison of outcomes and treatment approaches between PA-TIS and DVT-associated PE.

    Main Results:

    • Pulmonary artery thrombosis in situ develops due to vascular injury, hypoxia, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction.
    • Identified risk factors for PA-TIS include lung resection, radiation therapy, chest trauma, Behçet's disease, sickle cell anemia, COPD, tuberculosis, and COVID-19 pneumonia.
    • PA-TIS may present with distinct prognostic and therapeutic implications compared to DVT-related PE.

    Conclusions:

    • Pulmonary artery thrombosis in situ represents a significant alternative to deep vein thrombosis as a cause of pulmonary artery obstruction.
    • Recognizing PA-TIS is crucial for appropriate management, as it may necessitate different therapeutic strategies.
    • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the clinical spectrum and optimal treatment of PA-TIS.