Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Typical Model Studies01:30

Typical Model Studies

400
Fluid mechanics model studies often utilize scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior in full-scale environments, such as river flows, dam spillways, and structures interacting with open surfaces. Maintaining Froude number similarity in river models is crucial, as it replicates surface flow features like wave patterns and velocities.
400
The Fluid Mosaic Model01:34

The Fluid Mosaic Model

149.4K
The fluid mosaic model was first proposed as a visual representation of research observations. The model comprises the composition and dynamics of membranes and serves as a foundation for future membrane-related studies. The model depicts the structure of the plasma membrane with a variety of components, which include phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. These integral molecules are loosely bound, defining the cell’s border and providing fluidity for optimal function.
149.4K
Fluid Mosaic Model01:19

Fluid Mosaic Model

12.1K
Scientists identified the plasma membrane in the 1890s and its principal chemical components (lipids and proteins) by 1915. The model for plasma membrane structure, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli, was the first model to be widely accepted in the scientific community. The model was based on the plasma membrane's "railroad track" appearance in early electron micrographs. Davson and Danielli theorized that the plasma membrane's structure resembled a sandwich...
12.1K
Molecular Models02:00

Molecular Models

38.8K
Physical models representing molecular architectures of chemical compounds play essential roles in understanding chemistry. The use of molecular models makes it easier to visualize the structures and shapes of atoms and molecules.
38.8K
Types of Fluids01:27

Types of Fluids

373
Fluids can be classified into Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids based on their response to shear stress. Newtonian fluids have a linear relationship between shear stress and the shear strain rate, following Newton's law of viscosity. Their viscosity remains constant regardless of the shear rate, making their behavior predictable and easier to analyze. Common examples include water, air, oil, and gasoline.
In contrast, non-Newtonian fluids do not follow Newton's law of viscosity, and...
373
Characteristics of Fluids01:20

Characteristics of Fluids

4.1K
When a force is applied parallel to the top surface of a solid, it resists the applied force due to the internal frictional forces between the layers of the solid known as shearing resistance. However, when the force is removed, the shearing forces restore the original shape of the solid. Other deformation forces also cause temporary changes in shape if the forces are not beyond a threshold magnitude. Solids tend to retain their shape, making the study of their rest and motion easier. Beyond...
4.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Modeling tariff-induced network failure and hysteresis.

Physical review. E·2026
Same author

Degenerate Fluid Polyamorphism Induced by Symmetrical Molecular Interconversion.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2025
Same author

Cascading failures in networks of networks linked by directional and bidirectional hyperlinks.

Physical review. E·2025
Same author

Cascading failures in bipartite networks with directional support links.

Physical review. E·2024
Same author

Harvesting Energy from Changes in Relative Humidity Using Nanoscale Water Capillary Bridges.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2023
Same author

Interfacial Properties of Fluids Exhibiting Liquid Polyamorphism and Water-Like Anomalies.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2023
Same journal

Erratum: Low-dimensional model for adaptive networks of spiking neurons [Phys. Rev. E 111, 014422 (2025)].

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Disentangling the effects of many-body forces on depletion interactions.

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Charge transport and mode transition in dual-energy electron beam diodes.

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Optimization of multisite reactions in complex compartmentalized media.

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Origin of geometric cohesion in nonconvex granular materials: Interplay between interdigitation and rotational constraints enhancing frictional stability.

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Interaction of walkers with a standing Faraday wave.

Physical review. E·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Analyzing Melts and Fluids from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations with the UMD Package
06:37

Analyzing Melts and Fluids from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations with the UMD Package

Published on: September 17, 2021

4.6K

Generic maximum-valence model for fluid polyamorphism.

Nikolay A Shumovskyi1, Sergey V Buldyrev1,2

  • 1Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.

Physical Review. E
|March 18, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a generic model for liquid polyamorphism in single-component fluids. The model explains liquid-liquid phase transitions and density anomalies using a maximum-valence approach with varying coordination numbers.

More Related Videos

Protocol for Relative Hydrodynamic Assessment of Tri-leaflet Polymer Valves
11:12

Protocol for Relative Hydrodynamic Assessment of Tri-leaflet Polymer Valves

Published on: October 17, 2013

13.9K
Generation of Size-controlled Poly ethylene Glycol Diacrylate Droplets via Semi-3-Dimensional Flow Focusing Microfluidic Devices
11:08

Generation of Size-controlled Poly ethylene Glycol Diacrylate Droplets via Semi-3-Dimensional Flow Focusing Microfluidic Devices

Published on: July 3, 2018

7.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Analyzing Melts and Fluids from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations with the UMD Package
06:37

Analyzing Melts and Fluids from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations with the UMD Package

Published on: September 17, 2021

4.6K
Protocol for Relative Hydrodynamic Assessment of Tri-leaflet Polymer Valves
11:12

Protocol for Relative Hydrodynamic Assessment of Tri-leaflet Polymer Valves

Published on: October 17, 2013

13.9K
Generation of Size-controlled Poly ethylene Glycol Diacrylate Droplets via Semi-3-Dimensional Flow Focusing Microfluidic Devices
11:08

Generation of Size-controlled Poly ethylene Glycol Diacrylate Droplets via Semi-3-Dimensional Flow Focusing Microfluidic Devices

Published on: July 3, 2018

7.8K

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Liquid-liquid phase transitions (LLPT) are crucial in various materials.
  • Polyamorphism, the ability of a substance to exist in multiple distinct liquid forms, is observed in systems like sulfur.
  • Previous models often focused on specific systems, necessitating a more general approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple, generic model for liquid polyamorphism in single-component fluids.
  • To explain LLPT and density anomalies using a maximum-valence approach.
  • To explore the influence of coordination number on polyamorphic behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a generic model incorporating van der Waals attraction, covalent bonding, and a novel maximal-valence repulsion.
  • Application of the model to systems with coordination numbers ranging from 1 (dimerization) to 6 (network formation).
  • Analysis of the resulting phase diagrams, including liquid-gas transitions, liquid-liquid phase separation, and regions of negative thermal expansion.

Main Results:

  • The model successfully predicts liquid-liquid phase separation and density anomalies (negative thermal expansion) across various coordination numbers.
  • Demonstrated the existence of LLPT for dimerization, polymerization, gelation, and network formation.
  • The maximal-valence repulsion is identified as the key interaction driving LLPT and density anomalies.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed maximum-valence model provides a unified framework for understanding polyamorphism in single-component fluids.
  • The model highlights the critical role of coordination number and specific repulsive interactions in generating complex fluid phase behavior.
  • The study discusses the general applicability and limitations of the model for predicting fluid polyamorphism.