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Related Concept Videos

Multimachine Stability01:25

Multimachine Stability

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Multimachine stability analysis is crucial for understanding the dynamics and stability of power systems with multiple synchronous machines. The objective is to solve the swing equations for a network of M machines connected to an N-bus power system.
In analyzing the system, the nodal equations represent the relationship between bus voltages, machine voltages, and machine currents. The nodal equation is given by:
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Transformers with Off-Nominal Turns Ratios01:25

Transformers with Off-Nominal Turns Ratios

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In scenarios involving parallel transformers with disparate ratings, developing per-unit models requires accommodating off-nominal turns ratios. This situation arises when the selected base voltages are not proportional to the transformer’s voltage ratings. Consider a transformer where the rated voltages are related by the term a. If the chosen voltage bases satisfy a relationship involving term b, term c is defined as the ratio of these bases. This ratio is then substituted into the...
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Modeling of Diode Forward Characteristics01:19

Modeling of Diode Forward Characteristics

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Understanding the behavior of diodes when forward-biased is a fundamental aspect of electronic circuit design and analysis. This analysis primarily utilizes two models: the exponential diode model and the constant-voltage-drop model. The exponential model comes into play when the source voltage exceeds 0.5 volts, pushing the diode current to rise exponentially above the saturation current. This relationship is graphically depicted in the current-voltage (I-V) curve, illustrating the diode's...
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Modeling of Diode Reverse Characteristics01:14

Modeling of Diode Reverse Characteristics

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In electronic circuits, reverse-biased diode configurations are critical for regulating voltage levels. Zener diodes exploit the reverse breakdown phenomenon and exhibit a controlled breakdown at a specific Zener voltage (VZ). They are designed to maintain a constant voltage across their terminals and are commonly used for voltage regulation in circuits.
When a reverse voltage applied to a Zener diode exceeds its breakdown voltage, the diode enters the breakdown region. At this point, the...
906
Bus Impedance Matrix01:24

Bus Impedance Matrix

593
Calculating subtransient fault currents for three-phase faults in an N-bus power system involves using the positive-sequence network. When a three-phase short circuit occurs at a specific bus, the analysis uses the superposition method to evaluate two separate circuits.
In the first circuit, all machine voltage sources are short-circuited, leaving only the prefault voltage source at the fault location. The positive-sequence bus impedance matrix can be determined by solving the nodal equations,...
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Lossy Lines and Overvoltages01:22

Lossy Lines and Overvoltages

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Transmission-line series resistance and shunt conductance cause three primary effects: attenuation, distortion, and power losses.
Attenuation
When constant series resistance and shunt conductance are present, voltage and current equations are modified. The propagation constant indicates that voltage and current waves consist of both forward and backward traveling components. These waves attenuate as they propagate, with the attenuation factor related to the resistance and conductance. In a...
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Dynamic Clamp Methods to Investigate Impaired Neuronal Excitability Associated with Autism
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Dynamic Clamp Methods to Investigate Impaired Neuronal Excitability Associated with Autism

Published on: October 17, 2025

864

Modeling tariff-induced network failure and hysteresis.

David Roth1, Amir Bashan2, Sergey V Buldyrev1,3

  • 1Yeshiva University, Department of Physics, New York, New York 10033, USA.

Physical Review. E
|April 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tariffs can cause catastrophic economic collapse in interconnected industries. Exceeding a critical threshold risks irreversible damage, even after tariffs are removed, highlighting hidden vulnerabilities in global trade.

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Last Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Dynamic Clamp Methods to Investigate Impaired Neuronal Excitability Associated with Autism
08:44

Dynamic Clamp Methods to Investigate Impaired Neuronal Excitability Associated with Autism

Published on: October 17, 2025

864

Area of Science:

  • Economics
  • Network Science
  • Complexity Science

Background:

  • Modern global production is characterized by deep interconnections and interdependencies.
  • Tariffs on these industries pose a significant risk of cascading economic failures.
  • Understanding the systemic impact of trade policies is crucial for economic stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model the impact of adding and removing tariffs on interdependent industries.
  • To identify critical thresholds for tariff imposition that could lead to economic collapse.
  • To analyze the reversibility and recovery dynamics of global trade after tariff removal.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a network with a hypernode framework to model interdependent industries.
  • Applied heterogeneous k-core percolation dynamics to simulate tariff effects.
  • Employed a modified generating function formalism for quantitative analysis.

Main Results:

  • Identified a critical transition threshold for tariffs.
  • Tariffs below the threshold cause modest, reversible trade reduction.
  • Tariffs exceeding the threshold trigger catastrophic collapse, spreading to unrelated sectors, with hysteresis hindering full recovery.

Conclusions:

  • Tariffs exceeding a critical threshold can lead to irreversible economic collapse.
  • Hysteresis effects can prevent full recovery even after tariff removal.
  • The apparent reversibility of trade under weak tariffs masks proximity to dangerous tipping points.