Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Types of Toxins01:36

Types of Toxins

1.8K
Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
Environmental pollutants like...
1.8K
Drug Distribution: Tissue Binding01:21

Drug Distribution: Tissue Binding

2.7K
Upon entering the systemic circulation, drugs can distribute into the interstitial and intracellular fluid of various tissue cells. This distribution is facilitated by the binding of drugs to different cellular components within tissues, which may lead to drug accumulation in specific areas. Drugs bound to tissue components serve as reservoirs that release free drugs back into the system, prolonging the drug's overall action. However, this accumulation can also result in local toxicity.
For...
2.7K
Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Miscellaneous Factors01:19

Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Miscellaneous Factors

432
Drug distribution in the human body is a complex process influenced by various individual factors, including age, pregnancy, obesity, diet, body water composition, pH levels, and specific disease conditions.
Age plays a significant role due to differences in body composition among different age groups. Infants, for instance, have a higher proportion of total body water and lower albumin levels, a protein that binds drugs in the bloodstream. This unique composition in infants enhances the...
432
Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

1.0K
When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
1.0K
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area01:23

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area

916
Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
916

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Recent advances in electrochemical sensing using tungsten oxide (WO<sub>3</sub>) nanostructures: A comprehensive review.

Talanta·2026
Same author

Surface Modification of Titanium Using Nano-Hydroxyapatite: A Comparative Microhardness Study.

Cureus·2026
Same author

Deciphering core genetic and pathway signatures of Japanese encephalitis virus using transcriptomics.

Virusdisease·2025
Same author

Characterization and potential novel applications of zinc-based traditional medicine, Yashad Bhasma.

Journal of Ayurveda and integrative medicine·2025
Same author

A Novel Benzopyrone Derivative from Streptomyces chrestomyceticus ADP4 Inhibits Growth and Virulence Factors of Candida albicans.

Current microbiology·2025
Same author

Unveiling biomarker detection in Alzheimer's disease: a computational approach to microarray analysis.

3 Biotech·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Removal of Trace Elements by Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles from Uranium In Situ Recovery Bleed Water and Its Effect on Cell Viability
09:23

Removal of Trace Elements by Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles from Uranium In Situ Recovery Bleed Water and Its Effect on Cell Viability

Published on: June 21, 2015

9.9K

What function of nanoparticles is the primary factor for their hyper-toxicity?

Mohd Ali1

  • 1Down Stream Agro-processing Division, ICAR-National Institute of Secondary Agriculture, Ranchi-834010, India.

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science
|March 19, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Nanoparticle toxicity is a growing concern. This study proposes that the number of atoms or molecules per nanoparticle, not size or shape, is the primary driver of toxicity.

Keywords:
Atoms/ions/molecules per particleNano-particlesNanotoxicityShapeSizeSurface area and charge

More Related Videos

Tangential Flow Ultrafiltration: A &ldquo;Green&rdquo; Method for the Size Selection and Concentration of Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles
12:47

Tangential Flow Ultrafiltration: A “Green” Method for the Size Selection and Concentration of Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles

Published on: October 4, 2012

18.0K
Preparation and Characterization of Novel HDL-mimicking Nanoparticles for Nerve Growth Factor Encapsulation
08:24

Preparation and Characterization of Novel HDL-mimicking Nanoparticles for Nerve Growth Factor Encapsulation

Published on: May 22, 2017

8.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Removal of Trace Elements by Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles from Uranium In Situ Recovery Bleed Water and Its Effect on Cell Viability
09:23

Removal of Trace Elements by Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles from Uranium In Situ Recovery Bleed Water and Its Effect on Cell Viability

Published on: June 21, 2015

9.9K
Tangential Flow Ultrafiltration: A &ldquo;Green&rdquo; Method for the Size Selection and Concentration of Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles
12:47

Tangential Flow Ultrafiltration: A “Green” Method for the Size Selection and Concentration of Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles

Published on: October 4, 2012

18.0K
Preparation and Characterization of Novel HDL-mimicking Nanoparticles for Nerve Growth Factor Encapsulation
08:24

Preparation and Characterization of Novel HDL-mimicking Nanoparticles for Nerve Growth Factor Encapsulation

Published on: May 22, 2017

8.5K

Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Nanomaterials offer benefits in environmental, medical, and agricultural fields.
  • Increasing use of nanoparticles in consumer products raises safety concerns.
  • Understanding nanoparticle toxicity mechanisms is crucial for risk mitigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the primary factor driving nanoparticle hyper-toxicity.
  • To reconcile conflicting data on nanoparticle toxicity related to physicochemical properties.
  • To propose a novel hypothesis for nanoparticle toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of existing literature on comparative nanoparticle toxicity studies.
  • Analysis of studies examining nanoparticle shape, size, surface area, surface charge, and solubility.
  • Formulation of a hypothesis based on literature synthesis.

Main Results:

  • Existing literature shows inconsistent correlations between nanoparticle physicochemical properties (size, shape, surface area, etc.) and toxicity.
  • Nanoparticles with seemingly lower toxicity indicators (e.g., larger size, lower surface area) can exhibit high toxicity.
  • The primary factor determining nanoparticle toxicity remains unclear from current data.

Conclusions:

  • The number of atoms/ions/molecules per nanoparticle is hypothesized as the primary determinant of toxicity.
  • This factor may explain why certain nanoparticles exhibit high toxicity irrespective of other properties.
  • Further research is needed to validate this hypothesis and its implications for nanoparticle safety.