Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Non-fluoroscopic Catheter Tracking for Fluoroscopy Reduction in Interventional Electrophysiology
Published on: May 26, 2015
P-wave terminal force in lead V1 and outcomes in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation undergoing catheter
Yuya Sudo1, Takeshi Morimoto2, Ryu Tsushima1
1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan.
Aims:
The P-wave terminal force in electrocardiogram lead V1 (PTFV1) correlates with outcomes in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). Nevertheless, the correlation between the PTFV1 and outcomes after AF ablation in patients with persistent AF remains unclear. This study aimed to determine whether the PTFV1 at 3 months after AF ablation could predict AF recurrence and cardiovascular events in patients with persistent AF.
Methods:
This historical cohort study examined 453 consecutive patients with persistent AF who underwent a first-time AF ablation. We measured the PTFV1 at 3 months after the ablation. An abnormal PTF was defined as a ≥4 mVms depression. The 3-year incidence of AF recurrence and composite cardiovascular events, including strokes, heart failure hospitalizations, and cardiovascular death, were compared between the abnormal and normal PTF groups.
Results:
Among 434 enrolled patients, 101 had an abnormal, and 333 normal PTF at 3 months after AF ablation. Compared with the normal PTF group, the abnormal PTF group had a significantly higher incidence of AF recurrence (52.6% vs 28.1%, log-rank P < .001) and cardiovascular events (13.7% vs 2.6%, log-rank P = .005). After adjusting for the risk factors, an abnormal PTF was established as an independent predictor of AF recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] 2.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.44-3.13, P < .001) and cardiovascular events (HR 3.26, 95% CI: 1.19-8.97, P = .022).
Conclusions:
The PTFV1 at 3 months after AF ablation could be a valuable noninvasive predictor of both AF recurrence and cardiovascular events in patients with persistent AF.
Related Concept Videos
ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias
Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias
Cardiac Action Potential
The cardiac action potential process involves a series of phases characterized by the movement of ions across the cardiac cell membranes, leading to the depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac myocytes.
Ionic Basis of Cardiac Action Potentials
Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm
Electrocardiogram Fundamentals
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin...
Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

