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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Label-Free Identification of Lymphocyte Subtypes Using Three-Dimensional Quantitative Phase Imaging and Machine Learning
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A theoretical framework of immune cell phenotypic classification and discovery.

Yuzhe Hu1,2, Chen Liu3, Wenling Han1,2

  • 1Department of Immunology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.

Frontiers in Immunology
|March 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new framework for classifying immune cells based on gene plasticity, revealing how gene expression changes drive diverse cell phenotypes and their subtypes.

Keywords:
CDHR1SPINK2gene plasticityimmunophenotypeparathymosinplasticitomeplasticitomicsplasticity-based classification

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Computational Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Immune cells exhibit significant heterogeneity and diverse phenotypes.
  • The underlying mechanisms driving this diversity are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a theoretical framework for immune cell phenotypic classification based on gene plasticity.
  • To investigate the relationship between gene plasticity and immune cell phenotype.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of transcriptome data (microarray and RNA sequencing) from human immune cells (T cells, B cells, NK cells, monocytes).
  • Development of a classification system based on gene plasticity and phenotypic conversion.
  • Literature review of thousands of known immunophenotypes.

Main Results:

  • Proposed a framework where immune cell subsets are stratified by gene plasticity.
  • Demonstrated that phenotype loss accompanies phenotype gain during conversion.
  • Validated the framework using extensive transcriptome data and literature findings.
  • Showcased the role of highly plastic genes in maintaining immune cell phenotypes.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed gene plasticity framework offers a new perspective on dynamic immune cell phenotypes.
  • The model is compatible with traditional functional subset classifications.
  • Plasticitomics analysis provides a valuable resource for big-data-driven immunology research.