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Related Concept Videos

Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

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Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
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Cerebral Hemispheres01:05

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The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...
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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
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Plasticity00:58

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Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the...
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Neuroplasticity and Crossmodal Connectivity in the Normal, Healthy Brain.

A K M Rezaul Karim1, Michael J Proulx2, Alexandra A de Sousa3

  • 1University of Dhaka.

Psychology & Neuroscience
|March 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Neuroplasticity allows the brain to form new crossmodal connections, essential for multisensory perception. This review explores principles guiding brain plasticity and crossmodal connectivity development.

Keywords:
Neuroplasticitycrossmodal connectivityevolution-driven crossmodalityinnate crossmodalitymultimodal experience

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Neuroplasticity is the brain's ability to reorganize, forming new connections crucial for multisensory perception.
  • Understanding crossmodal connectivity is key to comprehending how different senses interact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current developments in neuroplasticity and crossmodal connectivity.
  • To deepen the understanding of how crossmodal connectivity develops in healthy brains.
  • To highlight principles guiding neural connectivity.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative review of existing studies in neuroscience, psychology, and related fields.
  • Critical assessment, synthesis, and interpretation of qualitative data from electronic databases.
  • Formulation of new propositions and hypotheses regarding neuroplasticity and crossmodal connectivity.

Main Results:

  • Neuroplasticity follows eight fundamental principles; crossmodal integration follows three.
  • Two forms of crossmodal connectivity (direct and indirect) operate in perception.
  • Three principles—innate crossmodality, evolution-driven reorganization, and multimodal experience—guide development.

Conclusions:

  • The identified principles and proposed three-factor model enhance understanding of neuroplasticity.
  • This work clarifies the nature of crossmodal connectivity and its developmental trajectory.
  • Advances understanding of how connectivity develops in the healthy brain.