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The impact of COVID-19 and COVID vaccination on cardiovascular outcomes

Zubair Akhtar1,2, Mallory Trent1, Aye Moa1

  • 1Biosecurity Program, The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales (UNSW), 2052, Sydney Australia.

European Heart Journal Supplements : Journal of the European Society of Cardiology
|March 20, 2023
PubMed

Insights

COVID-19 increases cardiovascular disease risk. While vaccination is generally protective, it can rarely cause myocarditis. Awareness of cardiac symptoms post-COVID-19 and vaccination is crucial for timely diagnosis and management.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • COVID-19 is a significant risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease.
  • Cardiovascular complications of COVID-19 infection are diverse and include myocardial injury, arrhythmias, and heart failure.
  • COVID-19 vaccination may offer protection but can rarely lead to myocarditis or pericarditis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the cardiovascular complications associated with COVID-19 infection.
  • To evaluate the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on cardiovascular health.
  • To highlight the need for improved diagnostic and referral pathways for cardiac symptoms post-COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing literature on COVID-19 and cardiovascular complications.
  • Analysis of data regarding the incidence of myocarditis and pericarditis following COVID-19 infection and vaccination.
  • Examination of diagnostic challenges for non-specific cardiac symptoms.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 infection is linked to myocardial injury, pericarditis, coagulopathy, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and arrhythmias.
  • COVID-19 vaccination is generally cardioprotective, but myopericarditis is a rare adverse effect, particularly in young males.
  • The rate of myopericarditis is lower following vaccination compared to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Conclusions:

  • Primary care physicians need increased awareness of potential cardiac origins for non-specific post-COVID-19 symptoms.
  • Full vaccination with boosters, managing cardiovascular risk factors, and prompt COVID-19 treatment are recommended.
  • Clear diagnostic and management pathways are essential for patients presenting with symptoms like fatigue and dyspnoea to rule out cardiac issues.

Keywords:
COVID-19CardiovascularHeartSARS-CoV-2Vaccines

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